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Epithelial tissue location and function

tracheids and vessels

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this site will give you difference between tracheids and vessels

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TRACHEIDS AND VESSELS

                       TRACHEIDS                                                                  VESSELS

1. It is present in all vascular plants   - They are found mainly in angiosperms. 
2. They are comparatively short          -     They are usually long. May reach upto 2- 6 m.
3. Each cell of tracheid is elongated with tapering ends.- Cells of vessel are placed one above the  other
4. The end walls remain intact    -     End walls are either absent or possess perforations.
5. Cell cavities of tracheid are not much wide.      -  cell cavities or lumen are much wider.

 

TRACHEIDS VS  FIBRES

1. TRACHEIDS ARE NOT MUCH ELONGATED AS COMPARED TO FIBRES.
2.  THE CELL WALLS ARE NOT AS MUCH THICK AS COMPARED TO FIBRES
3. LUMEN OF TRACHEID IS WIDE
4. TRACHEIDS SERVE TO CONDUCT WATER AS WELL AS PROVIDE MECHANICAL SUPPORT.

 

FIBRES:

1. FIBRES ARE ELONGATED
2. FIBRES HAVE EXCESSIVELY THICK WALLS
3. LUMEN OF FIBRES IS NARROW
4. FIBRES ONLY PROVIDE MECHANICAL SUPPORT.

        MERISTEMATIC                                                                       PERMANENT TISSUES

1. CELLS ARE SMALL AND ISODIAMETRIC    -                              VARIABLE IN SIZE
2. INTERCELLULAR SPACES ARE USUALLY ABSENT -               SPACES PRESENT
3. VACUOLES ARE ABSENT   -                                       VACUOLES     ARE     PRESENT
4. CELL WALLS ARE THIN       -                                             MAY BE THIN OR THICK
5. CELLS CAN DIVIDE AGAIN AND AGAIN    -                    DO NOT DIVIDE
6. CELLS ARE UNDIFFERENTIATED          -                     FULLY DIFFERENTIATED
7. ITS A SIMPLE TISSUE.        -                         MAY BE SIMPLE OR COMPLEX

IMPORTANT DIFFERENCES IN PLANT TISSUE CLASS IX

DIFFERENCES:

            FIBRES                                                                          SCLEREIDS

1. Long cells with tapering ends.                                        shorter in size
2. the pits are less in number                                              numerous pits
3. fibres originate from meristematic cells.                        originate from parenchymatous cells by                                                                                      deposition of lignin

The main type of complex tissues are xylem and Phloem. Xylem is complex tissue and is also called Hydrome. This is responsible for the conduction of water in the plant. Cells of xylem are heterogenous in structure and function. Tracheids, vessels(tracheary elements), fibres and parenchyma are grouped together in xylem. Phloem is food conducting tissue. It is complex tissue, with sieve elements, companion cells, fibres and parenchyma.

 

Xylem vs Phloem

Xylem
1. Xylem is usually found deep in the plant
2. It conducts water or sap
3. In older plants, xylem often constitutes bulk of the plant body.
4. The conducting or tracheary cells are dead.
5. Xylem is made up of three types of dead cells (vessels, tracheids, xylem fibres)
6. There is one type of living cells (xylem parenchyma)
7. The conducting cells have lignin thickening in the wall.
8. Conducting elements are of two types: vessels and tracheids.
9. Tracheary elements have different types of wall thickenings.
10. Vessels are devoid of septa
11. Xylem provides mechanical strength.
Phloem
1. Xylem is usually situated towards the outer side of the plant.
2. It conducts organic food
3. Phloem always forms a small part of the plant body.
4. The conducting cells are living.
5. Phloem contains only one type of dead cells (phloem fibres).
6. There are three types of living cells (sieve tube cells, companion cells and phloem parenchyma)
7. Wall of sieve tube does not possess lignin.
8. Conducting elements are of one type: sieve tube.
9. Wall thickenings are absent in the conducting channels.
10. Sieve tubes have bulging and porous septa
11. Phloem has no mechanical function.

functions of simple permanent tissues

FUNCTIONS OF PARENCHYMA

1. STORAGE OF FOOD.
2. PROVIDES TURGIDITY TO THE PLANTS AND MAINTAINS SHAPE .
3. SLOW TRANSPORT OF VARIOUS MATERIALS THROUGH ITS CELLS
4. SERVES AS PACKING TISSUE.
5. WASTE PRODUCTS OF PLANTS ARE STORED IN THE PARENCHYMA CELLS.
6. CHLORENCHYMA( PARENCHYMA CONTANING CHLOROPLAST) HELP PERFORM PHOTOSYNTHESIS.
7. AERENCHYMA ENCLOSES LARGE SPACES IN AQUATIC ANIMALS FOR BUOYANCY AND EXCHANGE OF GASES.

FUNCTIONS OF COLLENCHYMA:

1. PREVENTS TEARING OF LEAVES.
2. IT IS A MECHANICAL TISSUE AND PROVIDES BOTH MECHANICAL STRENGTH AND ELASTICITY.
3. COLLENCHYMA CONTAINING CHLOROPLAST MANUFACTURES SUGAR AND STARCH.

FUNCTIONS OF SCLERENCHYMA:

1. IT IS MAINLY MECHANICAL AND PROTECTIVE IN FUNCTION.
2. IT PROVIDES STRENGTH , RIGIDITY , ELASTICITY AND HELP PLANTS WITHSTAND VARIOUS STRESSES AND STRAINS.
3. THESE FIBRES ARE USED IN MANUFACTURE OF ROPES AND MATS AND CERTAIN TEXTILE FIBRES.

Characteristics of meristematic tissues

MERISTEMATIC TISSUE

It comprises of group of similar and immature cells. the main characteristics are:

1. cells are small and thin walled.
2. cells are closely packed together without intercellular spaces.
3. cells may be round, oval or polygonal.
4. vacuoles are absent or very small.
5. cells have dense cytoplasm.
6. Cells keep on dividing and produce new cells.

Functions of different types of meristematic tissue:

1. APICAL : elongation of roots and stems.
2. INTERCALARY: elongation of an organ
3. LATERAL: increasing diameter and girth of plant.

respiration vs combustion

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Difference between Respiration and Photosynthesis

Respiration is a complex process which includes absorption of oxygen, conversion of complex substance to carbon dioxide and water, release of energy and as a result there is loss of weight. Where as in photosynthesis complex carbohydrates are built up from simpler substances like carbon dioxide and water with the release of oxygen. Thus respiration is altogether a reverse process of photosynthesis.

Respiration vs Photosynthesis

Respiration	Photosynthesis
It takes place in all the living cells, both green(Chlorophyllated) and non green	It takes place only in chlorophyllous cells
It occurs in light and dark, both conditions	It occurs only in light
Glycolysis: in cytoplasm Citric acid cycle or Krebs cycle: mitochondrial matrix Electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation: in inner mitochondrial membrane	Light reaction: grana of chloroplast Dark reaction or calvin cycle or CO2 fixation: stroma of chloroplast Water splitting complex or photolysis: thylakoid lumen
Oxygen is utilized and carbon dioxide and water are formed. C6H12O6 + 6O2-> 6CO2 + 6 H2O+ energy	Carbon dioxide and water are used while oxygen is evolved. 6CO2 + 12H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6H2O+ 6O2
It is a catabolic process and includes the destruction of stored food	It is an anabolic process and includes the manufacture food
Oxygen is absorbed in the process	Oxygen is liberated
Carbohydrates are oxidised	Carbohydrates are synthesised
Energy is released during respiration and hence it is an exothermic process.	Energy is stored during this process and hence it is an endothermic process.
Energy is liberated in the form of ATP.	Light energy is stored in the form of glucose or chemical energy.
Dry weight of plants decreases	Dry weight of plants increases
Oxidative phosphorylation occurs	Photophosphorylation occurs
During the process, potential energy is converted to kinetic energy.	Light energy is converted into potential energy

         

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