KINGDOM MONERA
It includes all prokaryotic organisms chracterised by the following features:
HABITAT:These are the most abundant organisms on earth.They can live in extreme habitats such as hot springs, deserts, snow and deep oceans where very few other life forms can exist.
SHAPE: on the basis of shape bacteria can be grouped under four categories: spherical( coccus), rod shaped( bacillus), comma shaped (vibrio) and spiral (spirillum)
MODE OF NUTRITION: Some bacteria are photoautotrophic while others are chemoautotrophic i.e they oxidize various inorganic substances like nitrates, ammonia and use released energy for their ATP production.Most of them are heterotrophs i.e they do not synthesise their own food but depend on other organisms or on dead organic matter for food.
ARCHAEBACTERIA: These bacteria live in most harsh habitats . They differ from eubacteria in having a different cell wall structure which enables it to live in extreme conditions.
Eg: halophiles ( salty areas), thermoacidophiles(hot springs) and methanogens(marshy areas, gut of ruminants). Methanogens are responsible for production of biogas from the dung of these organisms.
REPRODUCTION:They mainly reproduce by fission. Under unfavorable circumstances they produce spores.
MYCOPLASMA: These are the smallest cells known and can survive without oxygen. These do not have a cell wall.They are pathogenic in plants and animals.
It includes all prokaryotic organisms chracterised by the following features:
- These are basically unicellular and most primitive.
- These are microscopic
- Cell wall made of peptidoglycans or carbohydrates, proteins and lipids is generally present.( exception; mycoplasma ) They have a single membrane system.
- All membrane bound organelles like mitochondia, lysosomes are absent.
- Genetic material is not organized into nucleus.It consists of naked DNA (without histone proteins)and is called nucleoid.
- They have various mode of nutrition i.e. saprobic, photosynthetic, parasitic, symbiotic, chemoautotrophic etc.
- Bacterial flagella ,if present is simple and single stranded .
- It includes all bacteria( E.coli), cyanobacteria (blue green alga i.e nostoc, anabaena) mycoplasmas.
HABITAT:These are the most abundant organisms on earth.They can live in extreme habitats such as hot springs, deserts, snow and deep oceans where very few other life forms can exist.
SHAPE: on the basis of shape bacteria can be grouped under four categories: spherical( coccus), rod shaped( bacillus), comma shaped (vibrio) and spiral (spirillum)
MODE OF NUTRITION: Some bacteria are photoautotrophic while others are chemoautotrophic i.e they oxidize various inorganic substances like nitrates, ammonia and use released energy for their ATP production.Most of them are heterotrophs i.e they do not synthesise their own food but depend on other organisms or on dead organic matter for food.
ARCHAEBACTERIA: These bacteria live in most harsh habitats . They differ from eubacteria in having a different cell wall structure which enables it to live in extreme conditions.
Eg: halophiles ( salty areas), thermoacidophiles(hot springs) and methanogens(marshy areas, gut of ruminants). Methanogens are responsible for production of biogas from the dung of these organisms.
REPRODUCTION:They mainly reproduce by fission. Under unfavorable circumstances they produce spores.
MYCOPLASMA: These are the smallest cells known and can survive without oxygen. These do not have a cell wall.They are pathogenic in plants and animals.
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